Which renowned Islamic scholar is widely credited with introducing the decimal positional number system (Hindu-Arabic numerals) to the Western world and whose foundational work 'Kitab al-Jabr wa al-Muqabala' gave rise to the term 'algebra'?

Explanation

Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (c. 780–850 AD) was a Persian polymath whose influential treatise 'Kitab al-Jabr wa al-Muqabala' is considered the foundational text of algebra, giving the discipline its name. He also played a crucial role in popularizing the Hindu-Arabic numeral system in the Islamic world and subsequently in the West.