The Swiss cheese model of error illustrates that:

A) One person causes all errors

B) System failures occur when gaps in multiple layers of defense align, allowing an error to reach the patient

C) Errors are random

D) Technology prevents all errors

Explanation

Reason Swiss cheese model: each safety layer (training, protocols, technology) has holes (latent failures). Adverse events occur when holes align across multiple layers. System-based approach to safety.

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