Signs of fluid volume overload include:

A) Dry mucous membranes

B) Distended neck veins, crackles in the lungs, edema, weight gain, and elevated blood pressure

C) Sunken eyes

D) Poor skin turgor

Explanation

Fluid overload (hypervolemia): JVD, pulmonary crackles/rales, peripheral edema, weight gain (1L = 1kg), elevated BP, bounding pulses, dyspnea, S3 heart sound. Causes: CHF, renal failure, excess IV fluids. Treatment: restrict fluids/Na, diuretics, elevate HOB.

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