How is the beginning of the month of Ramadan traditionally determined in Islam?

A) By a fixed date on the Gregorian calendar

B) By astronomical calculations alone

C) By the sighting of the new crescent moon

D) By government decree only

Explanation

The start and end of Ramadan, being a lunar month, are traditionally determined by the physical sighting of the new crescent moon (hilal) by authorized religious bodies.

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